บอกอุปกรณ์ที่นำมาใช้ในงานกราฟิก 2 ชนิด พร้อมยกตัวอย่างของการนำมาใช้งานด้านกราฟิก

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1. ˹��»��żš�ҧ (CPU) ...

˹��»��żš�ҧ (Central Processing Unit � CPU) �ҧ�ա��¡�� (Microprocessor) �� �Ի (Chip) ��㨢ͧ�� ˹�ҷ��㹡�äԴ�ӹǳ ��ż� ��ФǺ��÷ӧҹ�ͧ�ػ�ó��к�

§ �ѡɳТͧ�վ�� สารบัญ Show ��ҡ��¹ ... 1. ˹��»��żš�ҧ (CPU) ... 2. ˹��¤�� (Memory)... 3. ˹��¤��ᤪ (Memory Cache) ��к�� (Bus) ... 4. ˹��红��ͧ ...	�繪��ǹ��Ҵ��ҡ ��㹻�Сͺ��·�ҹ��Сͺ�ѹ��ǧ��ҹ�� ҧ�� վ��ྐྵ�� շ�ҹ��ӹǹ�ҡ�֧ 3.1 ��ҹ�� �վ��˹��·��㹡�ú͡��Ҵ�ͧ��äӹǳ��¡�� �Ե (Bit) ��Ҩӹǹ�Ե�ҡ��ö�ӧҹ�� վ��ٻѨ�غѹ�ӧҹ�� 32 �Ե
§ ��Ǣͧ�վ�� (Speed)	��˹��Ѵ�� Ե�� (MHz = MegaHertz) ��Ҥ�ҵ��Ţ��٧�ʴ��դ��ҡ �Ѩ�غѹ��Ǣͧ�վ�� ö�ӧҹ��֧�дѺ �ԡ��Ե�� (GHz = Gigahertz) ��դ��ҧ 2-3 GHz 㹡��͡��վ�� ˹��¨к͡�� ͧ��蹹��դ�� Pentium IV 2.8 GHz ��¤�� CPU ��ྐྵ�� դ��㹡�÷ӧҹ�� 2.8 �ԡ��Ե��
§ �վ��蹵�ҧ�	�·��ռ��Ե�վ��ѡ� �� ѷ Intel, AMD, Cyrix �� Motorola �º��ѷ Intel �繼��㹡�ü�Ե��˭��ش�ͧ�š

��ҧ CPU ��к��Ժѵԡ�� Windows

1. �վ�� Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV �繫վ�� 486 �ͧ��ѷ�Թ�� բ�Ҵ��͡�ͧ��Ţ�Ҵ 32 �Ե ��ǹ�ӹǳẺ��ҹ ��ö�ӧҹ��ѹ�� ੾�� Pentium IV ��Է��Ҿ�٧�ҡ ��Ѻ��ҹ��ҹ��ŵ��

2. �վ�� AMD �繢ͧ��ѷ AMD �繺��ѷ��Ե�վ��ٷ��ö��ҹ�Ѻ�к��Ժѵԡ�� Windows �� ǡѺ�վ��٢ͧ�Թ��

3. �վ��͹ (Celeron) �� վ�� ͧ��ѷ�Թ��

2. ˹��¤�� (Memory)...

˹��¤��Ӣͧ��͡�� 2 ��ѡ� �ѧ��

2.1 ˹��¤�� (ROM) ...

�� ROM ��Ҩҡ Read Only Memory ��˹��红��Ẻ�� ѹ�֡��´�ͧ�ػ�ó��Դ��駺�� Ҵ��л��ͧ��촴�ʡ� (harddisk) �� ҳ��آͧ�� (RAM) ˹��»��ż� (CPU) �� õԴ��駿�ͻ��ÿ� (floppy drive) �繵� ��ŷ��ѹ�֡�� ѧ��лԴ��ͧ ˹�ҷ��ͧ��ͨе�Ǩ�ͺ��ػ�ó�㴺�ҧ ��Դ��ҹ �ҡ��Ǩ�ͺ��ػ�ó��Ӥѭ� �� 辺��촴�ʡ� �վ�� ش��÷ӧҹ

2.2 ˹��¤�� (RAM) ...

�� RAM ��Ҩҡ Random Access Memory ����˹��红��ѡ��繡��Ẻ��Ǥ��ͧ�� ��ͧ�ҡ RAM ��ö�觢��Ѻ CPU ��¤��Ǵ�� (��ǡ��촴�ʡ� ��ͻ��ʡ� ��˹��红��) ��㹢��ǡѹ �� RAM ��٭��·ѹ�� ͻԴ��ͧ ��ҹ��ԧ �֧��ͧ�ѹ�֡��촴�ʡ��͹�Դ��ͧ

˹��¤�� ˹��Ѵ�� 亵� (byte) ��觶��ͧ��Ҩй��˹��¤�� 8 �� 16 ��亵� (Megabyte) ��ͧ�� Ҵ 128 MB �� 256 MB �� 觨з��ö�ӧҹ�Ѻ�� ͡Ѻ��ŷ��բ�Ҵ�˭�� ҹ��ŵ��ͧҹ��ҿԡ��

2.2.1 DRAM (��) �� SDRAM (��ʴ��) ...

DRAM ��˹��¤��ѡ�ͧ��ͧ ��ҡ��¡�͹��Ҥ��ᾧ ��ӧҹ��ҡ�Ѩ�غѹ�ա�� SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) ��˹��¤��ӷ��ջ��Է��Ҿ�٧�ҡ ��¡�͹�Ҩ��Ҥ��٧ ��Ѩ�غѹ�Ҥ��١ŧ�ҡ ��֧�� SDRAM �ҡ��

2.2.2 SIMM (��) ...

��ἧǧ��硷�͹ԡ��Ѻ�Դ��˹��¤�� Դ��駺�� ö��ӹǹ��ºἧǧ��ҡѺ�� §��ҹ��ö��ҧ��дǡ �Ǵ�� ö��µ��ͧ �ѧ��鹢�ͨӡѴ�ͧ�� ӹǹ��ͧ�ͧ SIMM ��Т�Ҵ�ͧ��ἧ ��ºŧ�� SIMM

2.2.3 ˹��¤��͹ (Virtual Memory) ...

��¶֧ ˹��¤��ӻ��˹��Ѻ�ʴ�� ˹��¤��ӷ��١��ҧ��㹡óշ��˹��¤�� к� ��Ժѵԡ�è��ա�ù��Ҿ�鹷��촴�ʡ�ҧ��ǹ��繾�鹷��ӧҹ��Ǥ��㹢��Դ�� Ш�ź��ͻԴ�� Ҩ֧��¡�� ˹��¤��͹� ��¢ͧ��˹��¤��͹�� Ҿ�鹷��ҧ�չ��¡��ҷ��˹�� зӧҹ��ŧ ��ҹ��촴�ʡ�֧�ѡ��ͷ��ҹ ��¡�� 10 ��繵�

㹡��ҹ�� Ҩе�ͧ��͡��Ҵ�ͧ�� ੾��Ժѵԡ�� (OS) �� Windows ME, Windows XP ��к��Ժѵԡ�â�Ҵ 32 �Ե �� 128 MB �� ҡ��¡��ҹ��ͧ�Ҩ�зӧҹ��ҡ��Ҩ��ش�Чѡ��

3. ˹��¤��ᤪ (Memory Cache) ��к�� (Bus) ...

3.1 ˹��¤��ᤪ (Memory Cache) ...

˹��¤��ᤪ��˹��¤��ӷ��վ��ٷӧҹ��Ǣ�� 繡��红��ŷ��
�վ��¡�� 㹡óշ��ҵ�ͧ��¡��¡��Ũҡᤪ
��觨��ҹ��ǡ��ҹ��Ũҡ˹��¤��Ӵ�ʡ��ҡ

˹��¤��ᤪ �� 2 �� ...

ᤪ��...

�Դ��㹫վ�� ͧ��ż� ��¡�红��ŷ��ᤪ�� վ��ҧ�Ǵ��

ᤪ��¹͡...

�еԴ��躹��͹�� ͧ��辺ᤪ㹫վ��١��ͧ��ᤪ��¹͡ ��Ҿ��й��ҹ ��觡�зӧҹ��ҡ��ᤪ��ҧ

3.2 �� (Bus)...

��鹷ҧ��ҧ��ͤ�� 躹 Main board �� ҡ Extension slot ��ѧ�ػ�ó�� ҡ˹��ºѹ�֡�� ѧ RAM �� ҡ RAM ��ѧ CPU

§��Ѵ��Ҵ��ҧ�ͧ��	��¡�� Ե� 8 �Ե ��ҡѺ 1 亵� �� 1 ��ѡ��
§��ǹ��Ǣͧ ��	�Ѵ��˹��õ�� (Mhz) ��˹��ҹ�ͺ��Թҷ�

��ʷ��㹻Ѩ�غѹ�� Ẻ PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) �դ��ҧ�ͧ�ѭ�ҳ��Ѻ�觢��Ŷ֧ 32 �� 64 �Ե ��ҡ�� 300 MHz �� ͡�ҡ�� PCI �ѧʹѺʹع�س��ѵ� Plug and Play ��㹡�õԴ��Ǻ��ػ�ó��

4. ˹��红��ͧ ...

˹��红��ͧ ��˵ط��¡�� ˹��红��ͧ ��ͫվ��٨��¡��Ũҡ�� ˹��红��ѡ��͹ ��ҡ��ŷ��ͧ�� зӡ��ҹ��Ũҡ˹��红��ͧ��͹ ��駹��˹��红��ѡ ��ö�ӧҹ�Դ��͡Ѻ�վ��¤��Ǵ��ǡ��˹��¤��ͧ ��˹��红��ͧ �բ�ʹդ�� ö��ѡ�Ң�� ҨлԴ��ͧ ��红��ҡ��˹��红��ѡ

˹��红��ͧ 㹻Ѩ�غѹ��ҡ��»��ѧ��

4.1 ��ͻ��ʡ� (Floppy Disk) ...

	��ͷ��¡�� 絵� (diskette) ��ѡɳ�� ç�� վ��ʵԡ��繡�ͺ��ͺ��鹹͡ ��Ҵ 3.5 �� ö�آ�� 1.44 MB ��͹��ҹ�е�ͧ�ӡ�ÿ��蹡�͹
	�Ѩ�غѹ�蹴��絵�п��Ҩҡ�ç�ҹ��Ե�� ö��ҹ��ѹ�� ҹ��ʹ��ͧ��ҹ��ͻ��ʡ� (Floppy Drive) ��ػ�ó��ҹ��¹�蹴�ʡ� �Դ��㹵�Ƕѧ�ͧ��ͧ ��ͻ��ʡ��红��ҡ�ѡ ��Ѻ��þ�� բ�Ҵ��ö�Ӣ��ҹ�Ѻ��ͧ�� дǡ

4.2 ��촴�ʡ� (Hard Disk)...

4.3 �մՖ�� (CD-ROM) ...

	��Ҩҡ�� Compact Disk Read � Only Memory ��˹��红��ŷ��Ѻ��ҡ�Ҥ��ᾧ ��ء��»� ��բ�Ҵ�� մ��蹾��ʵԡ�� 鹼�ҹ�ٹ��ҧ 4.75 �� ˹��ͺ��з�͹�ʧ ��ͻ�ͧ�ѹ��ŷ��ѹ�֡��ѹ�֡��ҹ��Ŵ��ʧ��

	��ԫմ��㹻Ѩ�غѹ �դ��ػ��ҳ 700 MB ��ҡѺ˹ѧ��ͻ��ҳ 700,000 ˹�� ҡѺ��ͻ��ʡ좹Ҵ 1.44 MB �֧ 700 �� ö�ѹ�֡��ҡ ��੾�Чҹ��ҹ��ŵ��·��Ҿ �ʧ ��§ ��ǡѹ

4.4 DVD-ROM : (Digital Video Disk Read � Only Memory) ...

��˹��红��ͧ��Դ˹�觷��ѧ��Ѻ��ҡ�ѡɳФ��«մ��ö�红��ҡ��ҫմ�� Ҵ�ҵðҹ�红�� 4.7 GB �� 7 ��Ңͧ�մ�� оѲ�ҵ��ͧ仵�ʹ

��մ��˹��ö��è��Ҿ¹��Ƕ֧ 133 �ҷ��ѡɳС�úպ�Ѵ��Ẻ MPEG-2 ��к��§Ẻ��ź� (Dolby AC-3) �Ѩ�غѹ��մը֧��㹡�úѹ�֡�Ҿ¹��ŵ�� 觵�ͧ��þ�鹷��红��ҡ�� CD-ROM

��º��º�س��ѵ� CD-ROM & DVD-ROM ...

�س�ѡɳ�	CD-ROM	DVD-ROM
��Ҵ��鹼��ٹ��ҧ ��˹� ��ҧ��ҧ�� ��Ҵ�ͧ��硷��ش ��آͧ�� ��آͧ 1 ��ҹ ��٧�ش�ͧ 1 �� �ѵ�ҡ��觼�ҹ��	120 ��. 1.2 ��. 1.6 ��͹ 0.834 ��͹ 682 MB 682 MB 682 MB 153 KB/�Թҷ�	120 ��. 1.2 ��. 0.74 ��͹ 0.74 ��͹ 4.7 GB 4.7-8.5 GB 17 GB 1.385 MB/ �Թҷ�